The lineage of Hezekiah

From today we begin our study of the book of Zephaniah. The name Zephaniah means “the one whom the Lord hides.” Verse 1 introduces the prophet Zephaniah: “The word of the Lord which came to Zephaniah son of Cushi, son of Gedaliah, son of Amariah, son of Hezekiah, in the days of Josiah son of Amon, king of Judah.” From this verse, let us consider the background of Zephaniah. (1) Zephaniah was a prophet who ministered in the days of King Josiah (640-609 BC). The king before him was Manasseh, an evil king. Josiah, who succeeded him, was a good king. During his reign, a revival took place in the southern kingdom of Judah. (2) His genealogy is recorded back four generations: Cushi – Gedaliah – Amariah – Hezekiah. This is unusual. Among the prophets whose fathers’ names are recorded are Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Hosea, Joel, and Jonah. Zechariah is recorded back two generations. The other prophets do not have their fathers’ names revealed. Therefore, for a prophet like Zephaniah to have his lineage recorded back four generations is extremely exceptional. The reason for this lies in Hezekiah, four generations back. This refers to King Hezekiah (2 Kings 18:1-20:20). The names of his ancestors are recorded over four generations to show that Zephaniah came from the royal lineage. (3) Zephaniah ministered in the southern kingdom of Judah, especially in Jerusalem. The fact that he was of royal lineage was likely a great advantage. (4) The prophets of his time included Nahum, Habakkuk, and Jeremiah.

The message of Zephaniah

The southern kingdom of Judah experienced a spiritual awakening in the days of King Josiah, yet the royal court was still filled with corruption. In particular, syncretistic religion was widespread. The theme of Zephaniah’s message to that generation is “the day of the Lord.” This is what we call the Great Tribulation. Joel also prophesied on the same theme. Zephaniah, moved by God, issued a warning to the people. (1) He warned that God’s judgment would come upon the world. (2) At the same time, he proclaimed a message of hope that God is gracious and will forgive and protect those who repent. Through the book of Zephaniah, let us learn both the severity and the kindness of God. Let us turn our hearts and return to God before “the great day of the Lord” comes upon us.