Self-introduction

Agrippa, having received permission from Festus, said to Paul, “You are permitted to speak for yourself.” Paul then “extended his hand” and began his defense. This was the customary posture of an orator in that time. Since his arm was bound by chains, the gesture likely left an even more dramatic impression. (1) Paul expressed his respect for Agrippa, saying, “because you are an expert in all customs and questions among the Jews.” This was not mere flattery but a statement of fact. The Jewish historian Josephus recorded that Agrippa was well-versed in Jewish law and traditions. (2) Paul said, “I beg you to listen to me patiently.” This was a signal that his testimony would not be brief but rather a detailed account. (3) Paul argued that it was well known to many that he had lived as a Pharisee, following the strictest sect of Judaism.

Reasons behind the trial

Next, Paul explained the reason for his trial, which also served as a declaration of his theological convictions. (1) He believed in the continuity between Judaism and Christianity. In other words, the gospel of Jesus Christ was the fulfillment of what had been prophesied in the Old Testament. (2) Paul also believed that the hope long awaited by the Jews was fulfilled in Jesus, the Messiah. The “Messianic hope” was deeply rooted in Jewish tradition, yet it was precisely because of this hope that he was being accused by the Jews. Here lies an irony. (3) “The promise to which our twelve tribes hope to attain, as they earnestly serve God night and day.” Paul did not believe that the ten northern tribes were lost (ref. Matt. 19:28; Luke 22:30; James 1:1; Rev.7:4-8; 21:12). (4) “Why is it considered incredible among you people if God raises the dead?” The phrase “you people” refers to the audience present, which included Gentiles. Here, Paul was beginning to proclaim the resurrection of Jesus Christ to the Gentiles. In the Acts of the Apostles, Paul’s defense appears five times, but this final defense is the most detailed. Paul used every opportunity to proclaim the Lord Jesus. As a result, many people received the good news. Let us learn from Paul’s attitude toward evangelism. Let us pray that God will lead us to seekers who are searching for the truth.